Submissions

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Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission's compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.
  • Confirm that the manuscript has been submitted solely to this journal and is not published, in press, or submitted elsewhere.
  • Confirm that all of the research meets the ethical guidelines of your institution or company, as well as adherence to the legal requirements of the study country.
  • Confirm that you have prepared (a) a complete text according to the Information for Authors.
  • The text was not created by an AI/Large Language Model (LLM) tool. If an AI/LLM tool was used to develop or generate any part of the manuscript, this should be clearly indicated.
  • I have declared any potential conflict of interest in the research. Any support from third parties has been noted in the text.
  • I have obtained the necessary permission from the copyright owner to reproduce in the manuscript.
  • I confirm that the manuscript does not contain any unlawful statements and does not infringe any existing copyright.

Author Guidelines

The text should be prepared in doc or docx format. If the text contains graphics, you must attach a PDF file. If the text contains graphical elements (charts, diagrams, photos, drawings), you must also attach the source files:

  • photographs in JPG or TIF format with a resolution of min. 300 DPI,
    vector graphics (e.g. diagrams) in CDR, AI, EPS format with fonts converted to curves,
    diagrams created in Excel in XLSx or XLS format.

Diagrams drawn in Word should be grouped (in the grouping/grouping context menu) so that it is not possible to accidentally change the position of individual elements in relation to each other.

In-text citation rules

  • single-author work: always give the name of the author and the date of publication (irrespective of how many times the work is cited); when citing more than one work by a given author published in the same year, add consecutive letters of the alphabet next to the date (this rule also applies to the other types of publication listed below), e.g. (Kowalski, 2001); (Kowalski, 2001a);
  • a work by two authors: the names of both authors and the date of publication should always be given (irrespective of how many times the work is cited); the authors' names should always be linked by a conjunction "and", even in the case of a foreign-language publication, e.g. (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001); (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001a);
  • work by 3-5 authors: for the first time, the names of all authors should be listed, separating them with commas and inserting the conjunction "and" between the last two names; for the next time, the name of the first author should be listed and the abbreviation "et al." may be used, e.g. for the first time: (Kowalski, Nowak and Wisniewski, 2001); (Kowalski, Nowak and Wisniewski 2001a); and then: (Kowalski et al., 2001); (Kowalski et al., 2001a);
  • work by 6 or more authors: only the name of the first author should be mentioned (both for the first time and in subsequent citations), and the remaining authors should be replaced by the abbreviation "et al."; the bibliography should include the names of all the authors of the work, e.g. (Kowalski et al., 2001); (Kowalski et al., 2001a);
  • citing several works at the same time: publications should be listed alphabetically (according to the surname of the first author); several works by the same author should be separated by a comma; individual publications by different authors must be separated by a semicolon, e.g. (Kowalski, 2001; Nowak and Kowalski, 2002); (Kowalski, 2001, 2002a; Nowak and Kowalski, 2002);
  • citation after another author: place only in the text, place only the work read in the bibliography; separate works with a semicolon, e.g. (Kowalski, 2001; after: Nowak 2002).

In-text citations: should always be enclosed in inverted commas and include the author(s), the year the paper was published and the page number. They should take the following form: (author/authors, year of publication, page number), e.g. (Kowalski, 2000, p. 67) or (Kowalski and Nowak, 2001, p. 3), or (Kowalski, Nowak and Wisniewski, 2001a, p. 3).

Preparation of a bibliography - according to the APA standard.

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